One Piece

One Piece is the name the world gave to all the treasure gained by the Pirate King Gol D. Roger. At least a portion of it is a treasure that once belonged to Joy Boy during the Void Century. The treasure is said to be of unimaginable value, and is currently located on the final island of the Grand Line: Laugh Tale.

The Great Treasure
Only the members of the Roger Pirates that journeyed to Laugh Tale know what exactly the great treasure consists of, including what exactly Joy Boy's treasure is. It is unknown if Roger added or removed anything to or from Joy Boy's treasure, but the world at large would begin to refer to everything the Pirate King had gained as the "One Piece". Upon arriving at Laugh Tale and seeing Joy Boy's treasure, the Roger Pirates simply began to laugh. Roger described it as a "tale full of laughs", which gave him the idea to name the final island "Laugh Tale".

Before Roger was executed, he announced to the world that this great treasure could be claimed by anyone who could reach it, thereby starting the Great Age of Pirates.

The closest the Straw Hat Pirates have ever come to finding out the nature of One Piece was during the Sabaody Archipelago Arc, when Usopp tried to ask Silvers Rayleigh about it. However, Luffy stopped him on the grounds that learning about it from someone else would defeat the purpose of their adventures and that becoming the Pirate King would have little merit if he already knew anything about One Piece.

After decades of speculations and doubts, the treasure's existence was confirmed by Whitebeard with his last breath. He mentioned that "a grand battle will engulf the entire world" and "the world will be shaken to its core" when One Piece is found.

Translation and Dub Issues
In the original manga, the term "One Piece" (ワンピース) is often accompanied by an additional string of text translating roughly to "the great hito-tsunagi treasure" (ひとつなぎの大秘宝), initially as a separate descriptor and later as a base-text directly glossed with the "One Piece" katakana.

The exact meaning of "hito-tsunagi" has not yet been clarified, and current theories offer two possible readings:
 * That it should be read as "一つなぎ" - a more or less literal Japanese translation of "(in) one piece".
 * That it should be read as "人繋ぎ" - a phrase roughly translating to "the rope linking all men".

English translations - professional or otherwise - generally do not relay this text consistently, if at all. The Viz manga, for instance, refers to it as "[Gold Roger's] lost treasure" in Chapter 2, and as "greatest single treasure" in Chapter 507.

Trivia

 * Eiichiro Oda himself confirmed in an interview with Momoko Sakura that the One Piece is not something like "the journey itself was the real treasure" and that it is, in fact, a physical reward.
 * Whitebeard stated in his final words that the world will be "shaken to its core" when the One Piece is found. Donquixote Doflamingo made a similar statement about the national treasure of Mary Geoise.

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