Amber Lead

Amber Lead was a white ore that was found only in the country of Flevance.

Overview
Products fabricated from amber lead possessed a shiny white coat that made the material an instant success and a boon to Flevance's economy. The products made from Amber Lead vary from wall paint and pottery to make-up and weapons. The ore was also present in Flevance's soil, giving the flora of the country a similar white tint.

The country was consequently nicknamed the "White City" and its population, for a time, lived in prosperity; ironically enough, however, the ore would be the leading cause of the kingdom's downfall. Over a century ago, the World Government discovered in their geological surveys of the island the poisonous nature of the ore when exposed to the skin. However, in their greed, the organization and royalty of Flevance withheld the discovery from the public, allowing amber lead to accumulate over the years.

Weary neighboring countries began shooting down infected citizens attempting to cross the quarantined borders of Flevance. Equipped with a surplus of lead bullets, the citizens responded in retaliation, resulting in the destruction of Flevance.

Amber Lead Syndrome
Amber Lead Syndrome (珀鉛病) is a non-contagious, hereditary disease caused by the accumulation of amber lead in the victim's body after prolonged exposure. Amber Lead poisoning is unnoticeable in its early stages when in low concentration, but its effects are observable, given that each succeeding generation in Flevance had noticeably shorter lifespans. This is due to the fact that the level of amber lead concentration in a child is obtained from his or her parents, leading to everyone in Flevance having the same, but accumulating, concentration of amber lead poisoning over time. Around the Golden Age of Piracy, the poison had accumulated to the point where a generation of children would die before coming of age and leaving any descendants.

When the concentration reaches worrying levels, signs and symptoms of the disease are easily visible on the victim. White blotches of skin appear on the victim's body and their hair is bleached white. They also feel chronic pain where white blotches are, causing much suffering until their eventual demise. With everyone in Flevance sharing the same symptoms, coupled with the World Government's refusal to disclose the disease's true nature, the island was declared a quarantine zone and ultimately destroyed. The doctors of the island were ineffective in stopping the disease, though Trafalgar D. Water Law's father, the best doctor of the country, was adamant that extracting the lead was possible. As a result of this incident, doctors globally came to the incorrect conclusion that Amber Lead Syndrome is contagious, and anyone who has it is a danger that should be exterminated with prejudice; only few people outside Flevance, such as Donquixote Doflamingo, and the World Government knew of the disease's non-contagious nature.

Although Law, the sole infected individual to escape the island, was destined to die at age 13, he proved his father right by obtaining a cure and living to this day. Doflamingo told Law of a potential cure for Amber Lead Syndrome: he stated that a Devil Fruit might hold a solution, due to the varied array of powers they hold. True to Doflamingo's claim, Law eventually consumed the Ope Ope no Mi, which allowed him to extract the Amber Lead accumulated in his body.

Translation and Dub Issues
Hakuen (珀鉛) is not a real compound in the Japanese language. The first kanji 珀 means amber and is pronounced haku. It contains the radical 白, meaning white, which can also be pronounced haku (for example, in Hakuba the White Horse). This makes a pun, in that Hakuen can also mean white lead, which is appropriate considering the color of the substance and Flevance's reputation as the White City.

In the real world, white lead is a naturally occurring mineral that has been banned for causing lead poisoning. The actual Japanese spelling for that white lead is 鉛白 (pronounced Enpaku).

Trivia

 * Amber lead is similar to asbestos, a highly profitable mineral once used globally and found in all kinds of goods. Use of asbestos was discontinued when it was discovered to cause serious and even fatal diseases. Much like in the case of amber lead, many governments initially ignored the scientific and medical reports about asbestos's toxicity, continuing to allow its use into the 1980's, even with its negative effects having been discovered in the 1890's.
 * The symptoms of amber lead poisoning also resemble those of cadmium poisoning, known in Japan as "Itai-itai disease" (イタイイタイ病), literally meaning "it hurts-it hurts disease". Similarly to the amber lead syndrome, cadmium poisoning is known to cause pain all over the body and paleness of the skin. The fate of Flevance also mirrors cases of cadmium poisoning in Japan during its industrial revolution in the early 20th century. As the need for metal continued to grow, pollution from mining operations went unchecked, eventually resulting in rivers being contaminated with cadmium. The water from the river was used for rice field irrigation, and eventually poison began to slowly accumulate in the bodies of people eating the rice.

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