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Canon, in terms of fictional stories, refers to what is considered to be an official part of the main storyline. In practice, it usually determines whether the material is "appropriate" for fan analyses, speculations, or discussions.

Generally, the parts of the main story contributed by the original creator—which, in the case of One Piece, are predominantly the chapters of the manga and the SBS—are considered indisputable canon. However, One Piece is a multimedia franchise, boasting many different supplementary materials such as anime and databooks; these materials rarely have much direct input from Eiichiro Oda, creating much uncertainty about whether their events and facts belong in the canon.

For the most part, Oda and his staff have not made explicit confirmations about which supplemental works are canon and which are not. The subject is thus left to fan judgments, which tend to differ even within the same community, but usually revolve around two general principles:

  1. The greater Oda's input in the material, the more likely its elements qualify as canon.
  2. Any non-manga material that contradicts the manga disqualifies itself from canon.

Below is a more extensive guide to how this Wiki approaches the canonicity (or lack thereof) of each One Piece media source when documenting knowledge about the series. These considerations have been made carefully, based on how each source is produced, but should not be treated as official declarations about the canonicity of a work. Unless confirmed by an official statement from Oda and his associates, they only apply to the operation of this Wiki, and have no authority in fan discussion.

Canon[]

Elements originated by these sources are treated as canonical by default, unless indicated otherwise.

Manga[]

Being the work that launched the One Piece franchise and the work creator Eiichiro Oda has most directly participated in, the manga is widely accepted as the highest source of One Piece canon. While not free of art mistakes[1] or writing oversights,[2] all facts introduced in the manga are considered reliable canon unless contradicted by a fact introduced later in the manga.

Zeff Breaks His Leg Off
Zeff severing his right leg to eat, depicted only in the manga, is considered the canonical reason for his peg-leg.
Mary Geoise Canon Spelling
"Mary Geoise", the manga's first romanization for the World Government capital, is considered the canonical spelling.

It should be noted that this Wiki, whenever possible, prioritizes the original Japanese version of the manga. Though the Viz-translated manga is faithful in most respects, it does occasionally diverge due to mistranslation[3] or deliberate localization.[4]

Short-Term Focused Cover Page Serials[]

Short-Term Focused Cover Page Serials (more often called "Cover stories" or "Cover arcs") tell side-stories in one-page installments, typically following antagonists or supporting characters after their initial encounters with the Straw Hats.

Though somewhat lesser-known than the manga's main storyline (as most of them have not been adapted by the anime), cover arcs are considered equally canonical. In fact, many of them have served to explain elements in the main storyline, such as Buggy's return from his first defeat, Hatchan's new career as a takoyaki chef, and CP9's survival of the Buster Call.

Monsters[]

Monsters is a one-shot manga Oda created in 1994, several years before One Piece. Initially thought to be an unrelated work, its protagonist Ryuma would later appear in the Thriller Bark Arc as a zombie; shortly after, Oda confirmed in Volume 47's SBS that this was the same Ryuma, making Monsters part of the official canon.

SBS[]

The SBS is a question-and-answer column that has been included in every tankoban volume since Volume 4. The typical column features Oda personally answering fan questions on a wide variety of topics, some concerning the world or characters of One Piece, some concerning the series' production, and some completely unrelated to either.

While directly produced by Oda in most cases, the SBS is a slightly more nebulous source of canon than the manga proper, as Oda has been known to give joke answers to even straightfoward story questions (e.g. stating that Luffy can stretch a maximum of "72 Gomu Gomu's" when a fan asked for his limit).[5] Further blurring the issue, some of his ostensible joke answers (e.g. the Marine photographer Attach) later became actualities in the manga proper.[6][7]

In any case, Oda's serious SBS answers still provide a significant amount of worldbuilding information—the Marine Ranks,[8] the exact parameters of Devil Fruit users' weakness to water,[9] and the backstory between Perona and Gecko Moria,[10] among others—and are thus considered part of the canon unless contradicted by something in a later SBS column or the manga proper.

Databooks[]

Databook Red Kuro

Databook Red was the first Oda-attributed source to list Kuro's bounty and name the Gecko Islands. Pending contradictions by a later source, both are regarded canonical.

The databooks are a set of supplementary volumes that examine the world of One Piece as an encyclopedia would. Though they mostly compile information already established in the manga, each one also contains at least a few previously-unrevealed facts, most commonly the names of minor characters, locations, and/or items.

Sabo Dead in Databook Green

The (in)famous Green entry listing Sabo as "killed by a World Noble's cannon" (天竜人の砲撃を受け死亡?).

Databooks may be the most contentious source of One Piece canon; while their covers give sole attribution to Oda, fans have suggested that their contents are largely compiled by Shonen Jump editors (or even other fans, as the books are typically called "fanbooks" (ファンブック, Fanbukku?) in Japan) and thus cannot stand as canon by themselves. This grew especially controversial around the early 2010s, amid debates over whether Sabo had survived the events of Chapter 588; many fans cited an entry from the databook One Piece Green: Secret Pieces as evidence of his death, only for Chapter 731 to later confirm that he had, in fact, survived.

On the other hand, Oda has been known to cite databooks as a valid source of canon on multiple occasions.[11][12][13][14][15] The general policy of this Wiki is to treat all databook facts as canon, unless contradicted by the manga, an SBS column, or a later databook. For the most recent databook, Vivre Card - One Piece Visual Dictionary, the editorial department publishes revisions for inaccurate information on the official website.[16] The revised information is considered canon over the original print. Notably, the fact that information is being reviewed and revised can be the taken as further proof of credibility.

One Piece Magazine[]

The installments of One Piece Magazine are similar to databooks in that they provide supplemental information about the series and are attributed to Oda himself. They have provided information such as the appearances of multiple Devil Fruits and the size measurements of the series' largest characters. However, parts of the magazine that give information about non-canon works, such as films and live events, are not considered canon. Additionally, the novels contained in the magazines, save for novel A, are not considered canon due to being written by other people.

One Piece novel A[]

One Piece novel A, consisting of two volumes, chronicles the life of Portgas D. Ace from the start of his pirating voyage to his time as a member of the Whitebeard Pirates. As stated below, One Piece novels are predominantly considered non-canon. Novel A is currently considered the sole exception, due to being confirmed as an official work supervised by Oda. Additionally, none of the information in novel A has been contradicted by other canon media.

Grand Line Times[]

This is a review of material already presented in the manga. It is considered canon. It was made by Oda, when he was ill, to help fans catch up with the series.

Non-Canon[]

Elements originated by these sources are treated as non-canonical by default, unless indicated otherwise.

Anime[]

Gaimon With Straw Hats

While Gaimon is canonical, his meeting Zoro and Usopp—a detail exclusive to the anime—is not.

Toei's anime version of One Piece, by far the most prominent adaptation of the manga, is correspondingly the largest source of mistaken (or debatable) canon. Though not as divergent as most other anime adaptations of long-running manga, the One Piece anime has still altered, rearranged, expanded, and occasionally removed material from virtually every section of the manga; for his part, Oda has stated that he participates little in anime production beyond supplying concept art.[17]

Sometimes Toei can subtly foreshadow the events that are coming up in the anime (mostly due to events being done in the manga prior). This can be seen when a ghost of the Going Merry is shown during the sea train ride, and also after the Luffy versus Usopp duel, where Toei had Zoro acting cold towards Usopp by telling Chopper not to talk about him. Fans thought that this move was out of his character but in the manga, Zoro acted the same way after Luffy learned that Usopp wanted to re-join but did not like the idea of Luffy being weak like that. In the anime, Boin Archipelago was a giant plant with the mouth in the middle, it was confirmed canon later in the manga, the same goes to the shadowy figures Zoro faced turning out to be apes, who were confirmed in the manga except that they were baboons instead. But the anime is not always trustworthy. The anime was meant to describe the events in the manga, expanding the roles and actions to fill up the 30 minutes time frame. They add events, histories, information, and extra scenes not found in the manga.

Toei has even created some plot holes. For example, in the Warship Island Arc, Zoro stated that there was nothing he could not cut, but the fact that he claimed that the chains he cut were steel is a major plothole as in the manga (and the anime), he was shown to be unable to cut steel until the Arabasta Arc, when he cut Daz Bonez. In the Davy Back Fight Arc, Chopper ate three rumble balls without turning into Monster Chopper, but Chopper was not supposed to eat another rumble ball within 6 hours. In the Diary of Koby-Meppo cover story adaption, Garp, Koby and Helmeppo went up Reverse Mountain, but in the manga they went through the Calm Belt, however Toei covered up the mistake by having Koby state that the newspaper was wrong. In the Warship Island Arc, the crew saved Ryu, an old and weakened dragon, however, in the Punk Hazard Arc, the crew stated that the dragon they had encountered on Punk Hazard was the first they had seen.

Fillers[]

For the purposes of this Wiki, filler refers to material that is original to the serialized TV anime. It can refer to whole episodes or arcs driven by plots not found in the manga, or to individual scenes inserted into otherwise-canon material.

As filler exists mostly for logistical reasons (e.g. preventing the anime from overtaking the manga), it cannot tangibly affect the canonical storyline. However, because the anime also presents itself as a single, serialized story, most filler tries to reconcile with canon events instead of overwriting them.

Toei's most significant filler materials are as follows:

Movies, Specials, and OVAs[]

Apart from the TV anime, Toei has also produced many standalone films and specials under the One Piece license. These typically make little effort to reconcile with the manga's or the TV anime's current storylines beyond the Straw Hats' membership, and are thus not regarded as canonical.

  • Defeat Him! The Pirate Ganzack is the first anime in a movie form created in 1998 one year before Toei took rights to create the series based on the manga. Only Luffy, Zoro and Nami are in it, since it released when One Piece was in the Syrup Village Arc, which is why Usopp did not appear. Ganzack, a villain with crab-like armor and hidden weapons, was a basic concept for Don Krieg.
  • Movie 1 takes place in the East Blue, just before Sanji is introduced.
  • Movie 2 takes place between the Loguetown Arc and the Warship Island Arc. While it could be considered canon with Ace and Vivi having a cameo appearance in the credits, their color schemes are different from those shown in the manga, and later the anime.
  • Movie 3 has Tony Tony Chopper in it, but cannot occur as part of canon since neither Nefertari Vivi (who was there when he joined) nor Nico Robin (who joined the crew immediately after leaving Arabasta and Vivi) feature.
  • Movie 4 takes place after Arabasta, with the confrontation between the antagonist Gasparde and Luffy being similar to the confrontation between Crocodile and Luffy (including Luffy screaming Gasparde's name like he did with Crocodile, and coating his hands with powder to fight Gasparde like he used blood to fight Crocodile).
  • Movie 5 takes place while the series is in Skypiea.
  • Movie 6 is similar to the Davy Back Fight, only that the setting is darker, and the events bigger.
  • Movie 7 is supposed to take place before Water 7. Although there are machines in the movie, Oda later added Karakuri Island to the canon storyline, although the only mechanics on this island are the Automata created by Moonwatcher. While this movie is not to be considered canon, it shows Luffy activating Gear 2 unwittingly, creating a possible explanation for the origin of the technique.
  • Movie 8 is supposed to take place during Arabasta Arc but many aspects are changed. Ace, Rainbase, the Marines, and Mr. 3 do not appear in the movie, making it different from the canon Arabasta Arc.
  • Movie 9 is a remake of the Drum Island Arc, but Vivi is not in it, Robin and Franky make an appearance, and Wapol has an older brother and new subordinates. It is dramatically different from the canon events that occurred at Drum Island. However, the revised 2014 edition adds an additional scene which retroactively makes it a dream that a post-timeskip Chopper experienced while on board the Thousand Sunny after the crew has reunited, setting the movie sometime after the Fish-Man Island Arc but before the Punk Hazard Arc.
  • Movie 10 takes place on Merveille. It takes place between the Thriller Bark Arc and Sabaody Archipelago Arc, because Brook has joined the crew and it occurs before the crew is separated. As it is the only movie directly written by Oda, its canonical status is somewhat more ambiguous; see "Partial/Ambiguous" below for details.
  • Movie 11 takes place between Thriller Bark Arc and Sabaody Archipelago Arc, because Brook has joined the crew and it occurs before the crew is separated.
  • Movie 12 takes place at various locations in the New World and is the first movie set there. It occurs at some point between the anime-only Z's Ambition Arc and the Punk Hazard Arc because the crew has entered the New World but Law has not accompanied them yet.
  • Movie 13 takes place after the Dressrosa Arc and before the Zou Arc. This is because it is mentioned Luffy defeated Donquixote Doflamingo and Sabo obtained Ace's Mera Mera no Mi. This cannot fit into canon because in the Dressrosa Arc, part of the Straw Hats departed to Zou. However, in the movie, the entire crew is present, with the exception of Trafalgar Law and Caesar Clown's accompaniment.
  • Movie 14 takes place after the Whole Cake Island Arc and before the Wano Country Arc, as Morgans mentions Luffy to be the "Fifth Emperor" and the Seven Warlords of the Sea system still exists. However, it does not fit into canon as the Straw Hats are all together in the movie, and they do not reunite prior to the Wano Country Arc in canon. Additionally, the Kid Pirates are actively operating in the movie while they are in the Beasts Pirates' custody at this point in the manga, and Killer still has his old appearance.

Video Games[]

None of the various One Piece video games published under Bandai has ever been suggested to hold any kind of canon status, regardless of whether they directly adapt canonical storylines or use original stories (which, much like Toei's films and specials, rarely try to accommodate the current manga/anime storyline). The more prominent original-story games include:

More subtly, games may offer original information related to canonical events, abilities, and backstories (Grand Battle! Rush!, for instance, contains a dialog suggesting that Shanks and Zeff are old friends). Regardless of whether these actually contradict canon, they are considered non-canonical by default.

(Interestingly, due to their independent production, video games may sometimes include manga elements not present in the anime, particularly from the cover arcs and SBS.)

Live-Action Series[]

The live-action series is an adaptation of the manga and anime developed by Shueisha and American production venture Tomorrow Studios with Oda serving as an executive producer. Because it is intended as an adaptation of the original manga story, all plot changes and everything else exclusive to the live-action series are considered non-canon.

Live Shows[]

There have been a variety of real-world One Piece events in Japan that have original plots and characters. Major events include:

  • The One Piece Premier Show, an annual stage show at Universal Studios Japan in which the characters are portrayed by human actors. There is a new plot each year.
  • One Piece Live Attraction, a stage show at Tokyo One Piece Tower that has currently undergone four iterations, each with unique plots.
  • One Piece x Kyoto, an event celebrating the 20th anniversary of the series which contained an art exhibit depicting a story of the Straw Hat Pirates in Wano Country. The climactic scene was drawn by Oda.

The plots created by these live events have little to no connection to Oda or the manga storyline, with the story of One Piece x Kyoto actively contradicting the manga.

Cross Epoch[]

This is a crossover comic that features the Dragon Ball and One Piece cast, but does not have anything to do with canon, and fans do not consider those canonical.

Spin-Offs[]

One Piece has many spin-off series, none of which are considered canonical. While some of these spin-offs try to align themselves with canon material, none have been written by Oda.

Omake Features[]

Most of the comics Oda drew in the omake have nothing to do with the canon, despite the fact that Oda drew them. The comics often humorously feature the One Piece cast in different roles and different situations which are standalone stories. However, the only omake which could occur in continuity is Report Time, which chronicles the Straw Hat crew's eating habits during the first parts of their voyage, up to Sanji joining, but it is unconfirmed if it actually is.

Oda's Involvement[]

Oda has occasionally been involved in non-canon material:

  • Oda wrote the story for One Piece Film: Strong World and was executive producer for One Piece Film: Z and One Piece Film: Gold.
  • Oda has designed many anime-only characters for Toei (anime) and Bandai (video games).
    • Oda provided character designs for the first OVA characters. Sketches of these can be found in one of the early volumes.[18]
    • The character Musshuru was created by Oda for the 9th One Piece movie as Wapol's brother.[19] Due to many of the other changes in the story, including the inclusion of Robin and Franky to the story of the discovery and joining of Tony Tony Chopper, it cannot be considered canon in the continuity.
    • Oda has also designed other non-canon characters such as Accino,[20]

Partial/Arguable[]

Non-Serial Cover Pages[]

The majority of the manga's Cover Pages are non-serial; instead, they depict various characters (most often the Straw Hat Pirates) in context-free scenarios with no dialogue whatsoever. As a result, they are almost never regarded as having any weight on the main storyline; by the same token, however, they almost never openly contradict the main storyline (at most occasionally depicting technology that does not appear to exist in the world proper).[21]

Chapter 165

Chapter 165's cover, indicating the original Clima-Tact is canonically red, not the anime's better-known blue.

In any case, it is generally assumed that all cover pages are (even if conceptualized via fan submissions) drawn solely by Oda, and correspondingly represent the design elements he intends as canonical. For this reason, cover-page art is sometimes used as a basis for canonical name spellings and color schemes, especially those never confirmed by the main storyline.

Novels[]

Similar to Toei's films and specials, Shueisha has published a number of standalone novels under the One Piece license. Their canonical status is somewhat more debatable, and fall across two categories.

Adaptations[]

Every One Piece theatrical film—in addition to Production I.G's one-off OVA and the 3D2Y special—has received a tie-in novelization, generally held to be equally non-canonical. More ambiguous, however, is Tatsuya Hamazaki's 2000 novelization of the Loguetown Arc—to date the only known prose publication directly adapting the manga, and one of a very few to feature illustrations from Eiichiro Oda.

Story-wise, the novel is most notable for introducing Daddy Masterson and his daughter Carol, along with the North Blue goggles that Usopp wears throughout the Straw Hats' Grand Line adventures. This material (later adapted as Episode 50 of the anime) is often assumed to have happened "off-screen" in the manga, based on an SBS where Oda confirmed that Chapter 98 was originally meant to show Usopp buying the goggles, but cut the scene due to page-length limits; however, it should be noted this SBS says nothing about the Mastersons, or that the goggles would have been attached to any wider story.[22]

To date, the Mastersons have not been referenced in any databook or supplementary work, and it remains unknown if they are canonical, or even if they were in fact Oda's creations. The same applies to all the other elements introduced in the novel (such as the fortune-teller who declares that Luffy has a "conqueror's countenance" (覇王の相, Haō no sō?)),[23] with the exception of Billy the Orca Killer, whose sword Yamaoroshi was listed in One Piece Magazine's catalog of Meito.[24]

(A related rumor states that Oda had removed "many" would-be canon stories from the Loguetown Arc so the Straw Hats could enter the Grand Line by Chapter 100. This, at best, remains an inference with no official confirmation.)

Original[]

From 2017 on, Shueisha has also published several novels featuring original stories (almost all initially serialized in One Piece Magazine), which frequently add new details to canonical characters, settings, and events:

Of these, none were written by Eiichiro Oda, and only novel A is known to have involved any direct contribution from him (specifically, concept art for Masked Deuce, Isuka, and several other characters). Pending further announcements from Shueisha (or analyses on whether the stories contradict any facts established in the manga), this wiki's current policy is to treat novel A as canonical, and the others as non-canonical.

One Piece Film: Strong World[]

The anime's tenth theatrical film, Strong World, is to date the only film directly written by Eiichiro Oda. This fact was greatly publicized in its promotional materials; allegedly, a few even stated that Oda considered it part of the manga storyline, though this remains unconfirmed.

As a whole, Strong World is among the films most conciliatory with the manga storyline, fitting into the several-day gap between the Thriller Bark Arc and the Sabaody Archipelago Arc.[25] Nevertheless, fans have cited several inconsistencies—most notably that it features Zoro fighting at full health, when similar exertions on Saobaody quickly reopened his wounds from Thriller Bark.[26] In addition, none of the film's plot developments have ever been referenced in the manga, even in passing.

Further muddling the issue, the film's main antagonist Shiki is considered part of the canon. In addition to being conceptualized and designed entirely by Oda (with an entire special chapter of the manga tying his backstory into that of Gold Roger and many other characters), he was referenced in the manga almost a year before the movie released during the Impel Down Arc.[27] Later, he was also tied to the history of the God Valley Incident as a member of the Rocks Pirates,[28] and in Chapter 1096, he made his full debut in the manga proper.[29]

Apart from Shiki, the only Strong World-original element to be even tangentially referenced by the manga is the plant Daft Green, which apparently has non-poisonous variants on Rusukaina.[30]

In One Piece Blue Deep: Characters World, where like the other Databooks collect information from the manga, among Shiki's relationships the Straw Hat Pirates are shown as his enemies, as a connection to the events in the film.

Finally, it should be noted that the anime-original Little East Blue Arc, despite being designed as a prologue to Strong World, is generally not considered canonical, as no aspect of its plot (which ends with Shiki not even knowing of the Straw Hats' involvement) has ever been referenced by the film or the manga.

One Piece Film: Red[]

One Piece Film: Red has drawn discussion regarding its canonicity due to it heavily featuring Shanks and revealing new information about him. Oda was less involved with this film compared to Strong World, serving as a general producer and supervisor. However, he did personally write and draw several pieces of information regarding the film and its characters in promotional material.

Currently, we consider the events of Film Red proper to be non-canon, however Uta as a character and certain information regarding her and Shanks is considered canon due to coming from promotional material attributed to Oda himself.

  • Uta has appeared in the manga proper, as a silhouette in Chapter 1055. Additionally, she has appeared in the Uta's Special 1-Page Manga which was written and drawn by Oda. Thus, she is much like Shiki in that both are canon characters, but their actions in the films starring them are considered non-canon.
  • The information contained in Volume 4000000000, particularly regarding canon characters, is considered canon due to being attributed to Oda.
  • The events of Uta's Past Arc are not considered canon due to being anime filler. Uta's Special 1-Page Manga does show that Uta visited Foosha Village with the Red Hair Pirates, but the scenes exclusive to the anime are non-canon.

Given that Volume 4000000000 has not been released outside of Japan, information sourced from it must be handled very carefully. It must come from a reliable informer and be sourced in detail, so that we know whether to treat it as canon or not. Our approach to Film Red and its related material is subject to change pending the discovery of new information or official clarification regarding officiality and/or canonicity.

Trivia[]

References[]

  1. See To Err Is Oda
  2. One Piece Manga — Vol. 48 Chapter 464 (p. 5), Sanji states that he studied Devil Fruits as a child (a fact later confirmed in Chapter 840), contradicting a scene in Chapter 66 where he expresses surprise when told Devil Fruit users cannot swim.
  3. One Piece Manga — Vol. 9 Chapter 75 (p. 10), Arlong tells his crewmen to offer the 77th Branch a Beli2,000,000 bribe (2百万で手を打て, Ni-hyaku-man de te o ute?). Viz mistranslates this as a demand for the 77th to pay the amount.
  4. One Piece Manga — Vol. 17 Chapter 155 (p. 17), The Baroque Works membership chart states that Mr. 2 was not given a female partner because he is an Okama (implicitly qualifying him as his own female partner). Viz changes this to "He doesn't want one."
  5. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 4, "How far can Luffy's arms stretch? Please tell me."
  6. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 24, "Who is it that takes those pictures for the wanted posters distributed by the Marines?"
  7. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 45 Chapter 436 (p. 3) and Episode 321, The Post-Enies Lobby Arc depicts Attach talking about photographs of the Straw Hat Pirates, confirming his existence in the canon.
  8. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 8 (p. 84), "I don't understand the Marines system very well. Is Captain the highest rank?"
  9. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 41 (p. 206), "Crocodile can't fight water because he's "sand," right? Then how does he bathe?!"
  10. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 82 (p. 102), Perona's past with Moria is explained.
  11. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 31 (p. 166), Oda acknowledges a statement regarding Domo-kun and Nnke-kun from the One Piece Blue databook.
  12. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 47 (p. 46), Oda indicates that One Piece Yellow's entries on Very Good, Shu, and Sharinguru (and their respective abilities) are all accurate.
  13. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 70 (p. 104), One mentions One Piece Green introducing Candre.
  14. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 91 (p. 84), Oda recommends consulting the SBS and the One Piece Visual Dictionary for information not revealed in the manga proper.
  15. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 99 (p. 116), Oda notes that Jinbe's favorite foods were already revealed in Vivre Card - One Piece Visual Dictionary.
  16. List of corrections - Vivre Card - One Piece Visual Dictionary
  17. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 21 (p. 164), "First of all, what I MUST tell you is that I am a manga artist so I don't make anime. What I can do is help out with the character designs for anime-original episodes. Nothing major."
  18. One Piece Manga — Vol. 5 (p. 28, 48, 70, 90 and 148).
  19. JUMP Festa 2008 - Oda reveals that he created Musshuru for the 9th Movie.
  20. Art Oda's concept ideas for Accino.
  21. One Piece Manga — Vol. 4 Chapter 33 (p. cover), The Cover Page depicts the Straw Hats in airplanes; notwithstanding special flying machines such as the Ark Maxim, no equivalent technologies are known to exist in the main storyline.
  22. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 13 (p. 104), Oda explains Usopp's goggles, and shares a rough-draft page cut from Chapter 98. Note that the last panel seems to end the entire scene, and the equivalent Nami and Sanji scenes—included in the manga proper—each last exactly one page.
  23. One Piece Novel — Loguetown Arc, See this excerpt from Logpiece.
  24. One Piece Magazine Vol.6 (p. 23).
  25. One Piece Manga — Vol. 50 Chapter 490, After leaving Thriller Bark with Brook as their newest recruit, the Straw Hat Pirates encounter several days' worth of hazards before (re)encountering the Red Line and meeting Camie. The TV anime inserts the Spa Island Arc into this gap.
  26. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 52 Chapter 510 (p. 9) and Episode 402, Luffy and Sanji are disturbed to see Zoro collapsing so quickly into their battle with PX-1.
  27. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 54 Chapter 530 (p. 5) and Episode 425, Sengoku states "the Gold Lion that could fly" managed the only successful escape in Impel Down history.
  28. One Piece Manga — Vol. 95 Chapter 957 (p. 6), Sengoku states "the Gold Lion" was one of many legendary pirates who started under Rocks D. Xebec.
  29. One Piece Manga — Vol. 108 Chapter 1096, Shiki appears as a member of the Rocks Pirates.
  30. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 61 (p. 124), Oda states that the tree on the last page of Chapter 597 is part of the Daft Green "family" and emits a similar smell that repels animals, but does not have poison spores.

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