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The Gomu Gomu no Mi[2] is a Paramecia-type Devil Fruit[4] that grants the user's body the properties of rubber, effectively making them a Rubber Human (ゴム人間, Gomu Ningen?).[2] Originally, the fruit was called Hito Hito no Mi, Model: Nika and classified as a Mythical Zoan-type fruit that allows one to transform into the legendary "Sun God" Nika (and gain his rubbery attributes), before being renamed and reclassified by the World Government to hide the truth.[9] In the present, only a few are aware of the fruit's true nature, and its existence was never known to be recorded anywhere.[10]

Around 900 years ago, the fruit belonged to a figure known as Joy Boy, believed to be the first ever pirate in existence.[8] 13 years ago, the World Government had managed to capture and secure the fruit after chasing it for over 800 years. However, during transport, it was stolen by Shanks and his crew.[11][12][2] Shortly after, it was heedlessly eaten by the series' protagonist, Monkey D. Luffy.[1]

Etymology[]

  • Gomu (ゴム?) means "rubber" in Japanese, being borrowed from the Dutch word gom ("gum").
  • Hito (?) is Japanese for "person/human (being)".
  • Nika (ニカ?), a nonstandard Japanese onomatopoeia for "smiling" or "grinning", represents the smiling mythical figure known as "Sun God" Nika, which the fruit is originally named after.
  • In the VIZ manga, 4Kids and Funimation dubs, it is called the Gum-Gum Fruit, "gum" being a soft, cohesive substance designed for chewing, with elastic properties, and its original name is called the Human-Human Fruit, Model: Nika.

Appearance[]

The Gomu Gomu no Mi is a violet, spherical shaped fruit, similar to a cantaloupe, with a stem sprouting out of the top, with swirls that go in a curly "S" like-pattern. Its overall appearance greatly resembles a Yubari King.[2]

While its final design has the characteristic Devil Fruit swirls all over it, the fruit was initially drawn without them in the first version of Romance Dawn.[13]

Gomu Gomu no Mi in Chest
The Gomu Gomu no Mi in Shanks' treasure chest in the anime.
Live Action Gomu Gomu no Mi Prop
The Gomu Gomu no Mi in the live-action series.

Transformations[]

Due to its unique nature, this Devil Fruit grants the user a baseline body with the properties of rubber, though due to the fruit's true power being dormant, the user's body is limited to restrictions and transformations similar in nature to most Paramecias. After achieving an Awakening though, the fruit's true power as a Mythical Zoan is unleashed, giving the user a new transformation where their hair and clothes turn white, their eyes glow red with white ring-like pupils, and white clouds float around their neck, giving them the appearance of the mythical Sun God, Nika,[9] granting their already rubbery body more strength and freedom and turning the user into the "Warrior of Liberation" (解放の戦士, Kaihō no Senshi?).

Gomu Gomu no Mi's Elasticity
The user's baseline form, with the powers and rubbery body of a Paramecia.
Gear 5 Infobox
The user's Awakened Form, with their rubber body granted the full power of a Mythical Zoan.

Strengths[]

The fruit's major strength, as demonstrated by Luffy, is that the user's body permanently adopts the properties of rubber: their body can stretch, bend, bounce, inflate, and twist much like said substance, even when their power is nullified by way of submergence in water or Seastone exposure.

Luffy Fights Alvida

Luffy's rubber body grants him immunity against Alvida's club.

Indeed, unlike most other Devil Fruits, the effects of the Gomu Gomu no Mi are always active, making the user's body permanently rubbery. The user becomes nearly immune to blunt damage, including bodily attacks, blunt weapons, bullets, and even cannonballs, all of which will simply bounce off from their skin. Additionally, falls from great heights and heavy collisions that would kill a normal person end up being non-lethal or even painless, and certain traps and hazards are rendered ineffective considering the user's enhanced flexibility.[14][15][16]

The fruit enables all parts of the consumer's body to behave like rubber, including their organs. This means that certain actions that otherwise would be impossible to do with a normal human body, such as pumping one's own blood or bones with air, can be achieved through this ability for extra speed or power. Furthermore, thanks to rubber's natural insulating properties, the user is also immune to electrical attacks, such as those from the Goro Goro no Mi, the Mink Tribe's Electro ability, and the special homie Zeus. Such immunity to electricity allows the Gomu Gomu no Mi's user to physically touch and hit the user of the Goro Goro no Mi (a lightning Logia) without needing Haki.[17]

Gomu Gomu no Pistol

Luffy using a stretching punch to hit a target from afar.

The user's ability to stretch and twist like rubber to extreme lengths not only makes them immune to injuries that originate from such, but it also grants them the skill to rebound from hard surfaces or reach people that are far away from their position. For offense, stretching allows the user to drastically increase the range of what would otherwise be considered a powerful close-range attack, turning it into a devastating mid-range or long-range attack. A stretched limb can be used to store potential energy like a stretched spring, increasing the velocity by stretching their arm back, resulting in increased power.

Luffy has shown a limited ability of moving in mid-air, by grabbing onto something with an extended limb and pulling himself away from what could have been a fatal attack. This gives the user the option of several jumping and airborne attacks that would have been disadvantageous to most other people.

In the anime, Luffy has used his stretching abilities to inhale great amounts of air to thus exhale a big gust of wind; this application of his powers was used to blow away Marigold's poisonous vapor from her venom spit and Magellan's poison breath.

Awakening[]

Gear 5 Environment Manipulation and Object Creation

Luffy manipulating the environment into rubber and materializing objects.

Once the fruit is "awakened", the user undergoes a drastic transformation where their hair and clothing turns white, their hair resembles flames, their eyebrows resemble spirals, and gains ringed pupils, in addition to steam wrapped around him. Similar to Luffy's Gear 3 and 4, the user can alter their physique without the need of inflating their bones or muscles. Kaidou has likened its awakening to the Zoan's transformation abilities and the Paramecia's environmental alteration as well,[18] as Luffy can effect and transform his surroundings into rubber while in this form, even including elements like natural lightning.[19] However, unique to this fruit is that its alteration abilities can extend to living beings, as Luffy could influence flesh as if it was rubber too. It can even allow Luffy to create objects from almost nowhere and alter surrounding objects into something new. Considering it similar to his previous Gears using the fruit, and initially unaware of its true nature, Luffy dubbed his awakening as "Gear 5". In this state, his rubbery body gains irregular adaptability that even stupefied the battle-hardened Kaidou.[20]

According to the Five Elders, the fruit had not been awakened for centuries prior to Luffy's having done so.[21] They believed that preventing the fruit from awakening would be worth incurring the wrath of Kaidou, one of the Four Emperors, suggesting that they greatly fear the fruit's power.[9] When Luffy either activates this state or is in it for long periods of time, he exudes joyous and contagious jubilation and mirth; giving even hardened enemies a sense of fun during fights. He tends to laugh more and feels light and extremely creative.

Weaknesses[]

Despite all the great advantages the user gets by using the fruit, there are a number of weaknesses.

One of the biggest and most obvious weaknesses that Gomu Gomu no Mi users possess is their susceptibility to cutting attacks and bladed weapons. By his own admission to Enel and as evidenced against Hody Jones, Cracker, Katakuri, and Kaidou, it has been consistently portrayed that Luffy has a vulnerability to slicing. It should be noted, however, that this does not mean that Gomu Gomu no Mi users are weaker to these things than the average person, and in fact, Luffy is fairly durable even against bladed attacks. The Gomu Gomu no Mi's effectiveness against blunt attacks simply does not apply to cutting attacks, allowing them to deal critical damage to Luffy, even when he is coated in Armament Haki.

Another major risk of the user's powers is that their stretched limbs take a moment to retract back into place, leaving them vulnerable to attacks in the moments when their limbs are stretched, as Buggy and Kuro both took advantage of early on in the series. Luffy, however, has adapted his fighting style to minimize this risk.[22]

Luffy Attempts to Free Himself

Luffy's elasticity reaching its limits and starts to tear.

Initially, the user's body was similar to a rubber band, requiring him to use excessive motion to "throw" an attack. After the timeskip though, the extra movement became unnecessary, and Luffy is able to stretch easily. Additionally, rubber has a maximum limit to how far it can stretch; in the first SBS, Oda stated that the user's maximum stretching distance is "72 Gomu Gomus".[23] Attempting to go beyond this length can cause the user to bleed and be at risk of ripping.[24]

While the user is normally highly resistant to blunt attacks, techniques like Fish-Man Karate and Rokuogan as well as items such as Seastone are able to bypass this durability. Despite the fruit's resistance to blunt attacks, it has been shown that the user can still be effected by blunt attacks (without Haki or Seastone) provided they have enough force to overwhelm the user's durability. Examples of this include the force redirecting abilities of Impact and Reject Dials, the kinetic force increase provided by the Noro Noro no Mi's aftereffects, and the light speed physical attacks of a Pika Pika no Mi user. While contact with water or Seastone drains the user of his energy and nullifies his rubber-like ability to absorb blunt attacks (as with Smoker's jutte), his actual body still maintains its rubber-like nature, allowing a third party to stretch his body for him.[25]

Rayleigh Training Luffy

Luffy getting hurt by Haki.

Just like other Devil Fruit users, the user is also susceptible to Armament Haki. However, the usage of Haki only nullifies the user's ability to absorb blunt attacks; it does not revert the user's body to normal flesh. Through the use of Armament Haki, Luffy's grandfather Garp was able to hurt him using only his fist (though Garp attributed this to "love"). When Luffy's crewmates (usually Nami) get angry at him, their punches are able to bypass Luffy's immunity to blunt attacks, although this is purely for comedic effect. Also, coming into contact with a user of the Yami Yami no Mi, which has the power to completely nullify all other Devil Fruit powers, outright disables a Gomu Gomu no Mi's rubbery defense. This was shown when Blackbeard simply grabbed Luffy with his hand and then tossed him into the ground, causing him to bleed.[26]

Another shortcoming noted by Doflamingo is that when Armament Haki is applied to a part of Luffy's body, it stops being rubbery. This is proven with Luffy's Gomu Gomu no Thor Elephant Gun, where, despite rubber being a natural insulator of electricity, the Armament Haki-enhanced attack itself discharges it. However, this weakness is negated by Gear 4, which harmonizes Luffy's rubbery body with his Haki, making him similar to an "iron balloon", but the excessive Haki needed to pull it off quickly drains the user.

Usage[]

Inexperienced Gomu Gomu no Mi User

A young Luffy struggling to control his stretching attacks.

In his youth, Luffy had a problem controlling his own abilities. Though he had an idea of how they would work, Luffy had trouble with aiming and the timing of his attacks, and he was continuously sent spinning by the recoil. However, he managed to counter these weaknesses with his continuous training in the jungle by the time he left to be a pirate.

The powers of the fruit have been used by Luffy in a variety of ways. These range from simply moving from one place to another in a rather reckless manner, to attacking an enemy with a barrage of fast and strong punches. He has also developed several peculiar methods of combat as time passed, adapting new forms by manipulating his elastic body, most prominent his "Gear 2" and "Gear 3" forms, allowing him to momentarily increase his strength in combat. After the timeskip, he has learned to use Haki in conjunction with the fruit's powers, as well as having more control over his forms. Later, during the time skip, Luffy developed a form known as "Gear 4".[27][28]

Kuja Fascination With Luffy

The Kuja Pirates playing with Luffy's rubber body.

Of course, Luffy, being who he is, does not only use his ability for battle. When with his crew, or even when partying with others, Luffy tends to use his elastic properties for the amusement of others, such as making funny faces, or using his elastic body to play around. Often throughout the series he would stretch his arm and steal food from others, much to their annoyance. He also uses his powers for transportation purposes, a primary example being his Gomu Gomu no Rocket, which has him grab something with his arms and fire himself like a slingshot, which helps him travel great distances quickly. Luffy has no problem letting other people play with his stretching body, which people tend to take advantage of.

History[]

Past[]

The Hito Hito no Mi, Model: Nika has existed since at least the Void Century,[8] where it was consumed by an individual named Joy Boy, who awakened the fruit's powers.[29] According to the Five Elders, the World Government had attempted to obtain this fruit for 800 years since then, but never succeeded. The Elders theorized that this might be due to the will of the fruit itself.[9] At some point, the Government changed the name of the fruit to the Gomu Gomu no Mi in order to conceal its true nature,[21][9] with a picture and information on it listed in the newer Devil Fruit Encyclopedia,[30] unlike the old Devil Fruit Encyclopedia that has no mention of the new name.[31] While unknown if either versions of the encyclopedia listed the Devil Fruit's classification, it was believed to be a Paramecia-type instead of a Zoan-type.[32][33]

By the time the fruit fell into the possession of the World Government through unknown means, it was viewed as a minor Devil Fruit that just makes the user rubbery.[34] It was placed on an escort ship being guarded by CP9 agents including Who's-Who, but was attacked, resulting in it being stolen by Lucky Roux and Shanks of the Red Hair Pirates thirteen years before the main storyline.[35][12] The results of Who's-Who's failure to protect the fruit directly led to his dismissal from CP9 and eventual imprisonment.[11]

Romance Dawn[]

Luffy Eating Devil Fruit

Luffy eating the Devil Fruit.

During their time in the friendly port of Foosha Village, the Red Hair Pirates kept the fruit in a small chest which Roux carried around with him. Then one day, while they were celebrating at Partys Bar, a young boy who admired the crew named Monkey D. Luffy unwittingly ate the fruit as dessert for his meal, thus gaining a rubbery physique but also losing the ability to swim forever.

Although Shanks and his crew were aghast to discover that Luffy had eaten the fruit, it remains unclear if they were aware of its true name or power.[1]

Dressrosa Saga[]

Dressrosa Arc[]

After Luffy got exhausted from his first usage of Gear 4 against Donquixote Doflamingo, Jesus Burgess expressed interest in killing him in order to obtain the Gomu Gomu no Mi through unknown means.[36] His attempt was stopped by the interference of Sabo, however.[37]

Wano Country Saga[]

Wano Country Arc[]

After his third defeat against Kaidou, caused by the interference of Guernika, Luffy awakened the fruit's powers, becoming the "Warrior of Liberation."[38] This was the first time the fruit had been awakened in centuries, something of great worry to the Five Elders.[21]

Early Concepts[]

According to Eiichiro Oda, Luffy was conceptualized with stretching powers specifically to allow for a "silly" fighting style that could make battles amusing as well as dramatic.[39] As such, the Gomu Gomu no Mi is one of the few elements apart from Luffy himself to appear in both of the series' Romance Dawn prototypes:

  • The first Romance Dawn, much like One Piece proper, depicts the fruit as the property of the Red Hair Pirates, which Luffy nonchalantly eats. It also describes the fruit's origins as a "legend tree" (幻の木, Maboroshi no ki?) that appears only once every fifty years.[40]
  • The second Romance Dawn depicts the fruit as the property of Luffy's grandfather (here an unnamed, retired pirate, but drawn largely identical to Monkey D. Garp), once again nonchalantly eaten by Luffy. This version notably depicts Luffy's first named attack: Right-Hand Stopper. Like in the final version of the One Piece manga, the fruit was first taken from an enemy.[41]

(According to a separate interview, the fruit's original name was simply the "Gomu no Mi" (ゴムの実?), but Oda changed it after an editor recalled this to be the name of a real-life fruit.[42])

Adaptation Differences[]

In the manga, Luffy ate the fruit—unnoticed—while Higuma and his gang began accosting the Red Hair Pirates, and its ability was first demonstrated when Luffy tried to leave Partys Bar with Shanks holding onto his arm, causing his entire arm to stretch. The anime's adaptation of these events depicts Luffy eating the fruit out of anger directly stemming from Shanks' blithe attitude toward the bandits; in addition, Shanks notices almost immediately, and even heaves Luffy upside-down in an effort to dislodge it, resulting in Luffy's legs stretching as the first demonstration of the fruit's power.[43]

(Most if not all subsequent adaptations of Chapter 1, such as the Episode of Luffy special and Episode 878, depict the scene closer to the manga's version of events.)

In the live-action series, the capabilities of the fruit have been somewhat altered. While the fruit gives Luffy the ability to stretch to incredible lengths, send back bullets and cannonballs used on him, and shrug off certain blows, his near invulnerability to blunt-based blows appears to have been reduced, where such blows would normally have been shrugged off or caused him no form of injury or discomfort.

Translation and Dub Issues[]

Name[]

VIZ, 4Kids, and Funimation all translate this fruit's name as the "Gum-Gum Fruit". This translation comes from the etymology of the Japanese word "Gomu". "Gomu" is a loan word from Dutch, it comes from "Gom" which is used in Dutch to refer to rubber to identify it as "natural rubber" instead of "synthetic rubber". This is not only true of Japanese, but most worldly languages derive their word for "Rubber" from "Gum".

Viz most likely selected "Gum-Gum" as a translation over "Rubber Rubber" due to "Gum" being phonically similar to "Gomu". The only English version of the series to ever translate it out as the "Rubber Rubber Fruit" is the Odex version. This is because it has no connections to the North American versions at all. Despite translating Gomu as "Gum", all English versions refer to Luffy as a "rubber man".

In the Filipino dub of One Piece, the word used is "Goma-Goma", "goma" being the Filipino word for "rubber".

In the anime, the description of Luffy's cell in Charlotte Mont-d'Or's book prison, the fruit's name is romanized as "Gomgom no mi".

Origin[]

Curiously, the VIZ manga describes the fruit as "of the Gum-Gum Tree" in at least two chapters (as well as an early promotional blurb), apparently in conflation with the origin given by the aforementioned Romance Dawn prototypes.[44][45] To date, whether this origin actually applies to One Piece proper has been neither proven nor disproven in-story.

Spelling of Gears[]

In Japanese, the Gears are spelled with Arabic numerals with furigana over them. The furigana indicates that the number is to be pronounced as an ordinal number (second, third, fourth, fifth) rather than a cardinal number (two, three, four, five). Thus, Gear 2 is pronounced as "Gear Second" and so on. Oda has romanized the names of both Gear 4 and Gear 5 in English,[46][47] which show that the number is intended to be written as a numeral rather than as the written pronunciation.

VIZ and the Funimation subs have elected to refer to the Gears using written out cardinal numbers (e.g., "Gear Two") even though it is not pronounced this way in Japanese. The Funimation dub keeps the ordinal pronunciations, but switches the word order to put the number first (e.g., "Second Gear"). While this is obviously a deviation from the Japanese, it does make more grammatical sense in English and also aligns with the terms for gears in an automobile.

Trivia[]

Roronoa Zoro Gomu Gomu no Mi

Oda's depiction of Zoro using the Gomu Gomu no Mi.

  • One Piece Magazine Vol.6 features an illustration of Roronoa Zoro having hypothetically been granted the Gomu Gomu no Mi's powers. It was drawn by Eiichiro Oda following a fan request.
  • The Gomu Gomu no Mi is the first Devil Fruit to be depicted in the series.
    • Initially, the Gomu Gomu no Mi is depicted the first Paramecia-type Devil Fruit in the series; however, upon being revealed to be a Mythical Zoan Devil Fruit, this also makes it the first Zoan fruit to be depicted in the series, while the status of the first Paramecia was delegated to the Bara Bara no Mi.
      • Ironically, when Luffy first met Momonosuke in his Beast Form, he told the child that he could not help him revert out of this form due to his Devil Fruit not being classified as a Zoan.[48]
      • This is the first Mythical Zoan based on a fully fictional creature that doesn't belong in any real-world folklore.
      • Since the Gomu Gomu no Mi's reveal as a Mythical Zoan, it is unknown if Luffy's Gear 5 form serves as his Beast form or his Human-Beast/hybrid form.
  • The Gomu Gomu no Mi has the most named techniques and attacks than any other Devil fruit in the series.
  • In Romance Dawn, Version 2, the Gomu Gomu no Mi was estimated by Luffy's grandfather to be worth Beli5,000,000,000.
Luffy And Bonney Fight Together

Bonney's use of the Toshi Toshi no Mi in combat revolves around mimicking the powers of the Gomu Gomu no Mi.

  • There have been various instances where the Gomu Gomu no Mi can be replicated by other Devil Fruits.
    • Gecko Moria's Kage Kage no Mi, particularly his Kage Kakumei technique, allowed him to manipulate Oars' body infused with Luffy's shadow to perform the rubber man's stretchy attacks.
    • Charlotte Brûlée's Mira Mira no Mi allowed her to mirror Luffy's techniques after she became a mirror image of him.
    • Gasparde and Charlotte Katakuri both mimicked the Gomu Gomu no Mi's rubbery physiology via their Devil Fruits that allows them to turn their bodies into a substance that possesses elastic properties:
      • Gasparde's Ame Ame no Mi turns his body into candy syrup, which he can use to stretch forward and create a slingshot effect with his arms similar to Luffy's Gomu Gomu no Rocket technique.[50]
      • Katakuri's Mochi Mochi no Mi turns his body into sticky mochi, which he can stretch forward very much like Luffy's.[51] He can also expand his limbs to mimic the Gomu Gomu no Elephant Gun.[52]
    • Jewelry Bonney's Toshi Toshi no Mi, particularly her Distortion Future technique, allowed her to age herself into a possible future where she has the rubbery properties of Nika, with her first usage to attack by enlarging her arm, similar to Luffy's Gear 3 attacks.
  • Other characters have also imitated the naming pattern of the fruit's techniques.
    • Oars has used an attack called Gomu Gomu no Shirimochi during his fight against the Straw Hats.
    • In the anime, Bentham tried to fool Magellan by using Gomu Gomu no Okama Pistol, Okama Gatling, and Okama Giant Scythe, though he only copied the naming pattern and not the attacks themselves.[53]
    • Bartolomeo intentionally named his Bari Bari no Pistol technique after Luffy's, using the name of his Bari Bari no Mi.
  • This is so far the only Devil Fruit to go by two different names and have two different classifications.
  • This is the only known Devil Fruit to have been awakened by more than one user.
  • In the mythology of the One Piece world, Nika is regarded as a god who would free slaves and captives from bondage.
  • Most of the Gomu Gomu no Mi techniques and traits, especially with the Gear 3, 4, and 5 techniques, are most likely based on classic American animation, where the traits include rubber hose animation, cartoon logic, and effects.
  • In the 4Kids dub, the Gomu Gomu no Mi sound effects were changed to various synth sound effects.
  • Oda confirmed that Luffy's genitalia could stretch,[54] and this was demonstrated in the series when Sweet Pea mistook his penis for a mushroom and tried to pull it off.[55]

References[]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 1 Chapter 1 (p. 13-15) and Episode 4, Unnoticed, Luffy takes the Gomu Gomu no Mi from the Red Hair Pirates' chest and eats it. In the manga (and some later anime adaptations), the fruit is fully depicted in a sketch by Lucky Roux.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 1 Chapter 1 (p. 20-21) and Episode 4, Shanks' crew notices the fruit is gone from the chest.
  3. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 1 Chapter 1 (p. 49-51) and Episode 1, Luffy is first seen using the fruit.
  4. 4.0 4.1 SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 30 (p. 104), the Gomu Gomu no Mi is confirmed to be a Paramecia.
  5. Road To Laugh Tale Vol. 3 (p. 8).
  6. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 103 Chapter 1044 (p. 4) and Episode 1071.
  7. Road To Laugh Tale Vol. 3 (p. 11).
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 One Piece Manga — Chapter 1114 (p. 14-15).
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 103 Chapter 1044 (p. 4-5) and Episode 1071.
  10. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 106 Chapter 1069 (p. 8-9) and Episode 1100, Vegapunk explains the mystery around the fruit's existence and admits he does not know anything about its existence.
  11. 11.0 11.1 One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 101 Chapter 1017 (p. 17) and Episode 1039, Who's-Who reveals his past.
  12. 12.0 12.1 One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 101 Chapter 1018 (p. 7) and Episode 1040, Who's-Who confirms that the Gomu Gomu no Mi was stolen by the Red Hair Pirates.
  13. Romance Dawn, Version 1, the Gomu Gomu no Mi is shown without any swirls in the first version of Romance Dawn.
  14. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 57 Chapter 556 (p. 16-17) and Episode 465, Luffy remarks that he will survive the massive drop because he is the only one made of rubber.
  15. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 3 Chapter 26 (p. 12-14) and Episode 10, Luffy falls off a cliff after falling asleep from hypnosis, and is unharmed.
  16. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 36 Chapter 346 (p. 3) and Episode 244, Luffy escapes from Lucci's stake traps.
  17. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 30 Chapter 279 (p. 14-16) and Episode 182, Enel's lightning attacks have no effect on Luffy's rubber body, and Luffy's attack bypasses Enel's Logia intangibility.
  18. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 103 Chapter 1045 (p. 3) and Episode 1072, Kaidou points out that Luffy's awakening has elements of both Paramecia and Zoan fruits.
  19. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 103 Chapter 1046 (p. 17) and Episode 1073, Luffy uses Gomu Gomu no Kaminari.
  20. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 103.
  21. 21.0 21.1 21.2 One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 103 Chapter 1037 (p. 17) and Episode 1064.
  22. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 3 Chapter 18 (p. 8-9) and Episode 7, Luffy uses his Scythe technique against Buggy.
  23. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 4 (p. 90), Fan question: how far can Luffy stretch his arm?
  24. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 85 Chapter 850 (p. 5) and Episode 816, Luffy pushes the limits of his power trying to escape Big Mom's prisoners book.
  25. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 10 Chapter 86 (p. 5-6) and Episode 39, Luffy survives drowning by having his head stretched out of the water.
  26. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 56 Chapter 544 (p. 5-6) and Episode 447.
  27. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 78 Chapter 783 (p. 19) and Episode 725, Luffy begins activating Gear 4.
  28. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 78 Chapter 784 (p. 9) and Episode 726, Luffy states he developed Gear 4 on Rusukaina.
  29. One Piece Manga — Chapter 1115 (p. 4).
  30. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 45 (p. 188), Oda explains a picture alongside information on the Gomu Gomu no Mi is in the Devil Fruit Encyclopedia.
  31. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 106 Chapter 1069 (p. 8) and Episode 1100, Vegapunk states there is no mention of the Gomu Gomu no Mi in the old Devil Fruit Encyclopaedia.
  32. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 27 Chapter 252 (p. 7) and Episode 165, Wyper identifies Luffy as a Paramecia user.
  33. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 69 Chapter 685 (p. 11) and Episode 611, Luffy states he is not a Zoan type.
  34. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 104 Chapter 1054 (p. 12) and Episode 1081, Who's-Who regards the Gomu Gomu no Mi as a minor Devil Fruit that just makes you rubbery.
  35. Vivre Card - One Piece Visual Dictionary (Card #0018), Lucky Roux's history reveals that he took the Gomu Gomu no Mi from an enemy crew.
  36. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 79 Chapter 786 (p. 8) and Episode 728, Burgess plans to kill Luffy for the Gomu Gomu no Mi.
  37. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 79 Chapter 786 (p. 16-17) and Episode 729, Burgess tries to kill Luffy, but is stopped by Sabo.
  38. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 103 Chapter 1044 (p. 2-6, 10-17) and Episode 1071, Luffy's Devil Fruit has awakened and activates Gear 5 for the first time.
  39. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 65 (p. 46), Oda explains why he gave Luffy rubber powers.
  40. Romance Dawn, Version 1, the first version of the Gomu Gomu no Mi.
  41. Romance Dawn, Version 2, the second version of the Gomu Gomu no Mi.
  42. Interview with website Manga Heaven, December 2007. Retrieved here, translated here. Note that "Gomu no Mi" is not known to be the name of any fruit in colloquial Japanese; on the other hand, real-life rubber trees do produce distinctive (if generally inedible) fruit.
  43. One Piece Anime — Episode 4.
  44. One Piece Manga — Vol. 1 Chapter 2 (p. 23).
  45. One Piece Manga — Vol. 3 Chapter 22 (p. 11).
  46. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 89 Chapter 895 (p. 2) and Episode 870.
  47. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 103 Chapter 1044 (p. 17) and Episode 1071.
  48. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 69 Chapter 685 (p. 11) and Episode 611, Luffy tells Momonosuke that he is not a Zoan.
  49. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 77 Chapter 766 (p. 3) and Episode 705, Diez Barrels mentions how much money the deal with the Marines was worth.
  50. One Piece Movie — Dead End Adventure, Gasparde using his syrup body to mimic Luffy's rubber powers.
  51. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 87 Chapter 877 (p. 10-11) and Episode 849, Katakuri stretching his arm like Luffy's, and Carrot notes their similarities.
  52. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 87 Chapter 879 (p. 15-17) and Episode 852, Katakuri imitates Gomu Gomu no Elephant Gun.
  53. One Piece Anime — Episode 435.
  54. SBS One Piece Manga — Vol. 8 (p. 44), Oda confirms that Luffy's penis can stretch.
  55. One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol. 53 Chapter 514 (p. 17-18) and Episode 408.

External links[]

  • Rubber Mimicry – Superpower Wiki article about the fruits' main power
  • Rubber – Wikipedia article about rubber
  • Yubari King – Wikipedia article about the actual fruit the Devil Fruit is apparently shaped after
  • Rubber Man - TV tropes wiki article on the rubber superpower trope
  • Firearm – Wikipedia article about firearms in general for which a majority of Luffy's Devil Fruit techniques are named after
  • Blood Doping – Wikipedia article on the process Gear 2 utilizes
  • Rubber hose animation - Wikipedia article on the awakened Devil Fruit's power

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